Numbered references are consistent across the site. Read what each source measured and who took part. Open the full Sources page →
The Teen Brain: 7 Things to KnowNational Institute of Mental Health · 2023
Public-health guidance on adolescent brain development, the prefrontal cortex, learning, social context, sleep and resilience. It summarizes research rather than reporting one survey or an individual maturity deadline.
Who / what: General guidance about adolescents; no single surveyed population.
Information about the BrainNIH Curriculum Supplement Series · 2007
Educational background on neurons, synapses, plasticity and learning, including the formation and strengthening of connections. This is teaching material, not a new survey or a numerical model of learning speed.
Who / what: Educational synthesis; no single surveyed population.
Risks of vapingHealth Canada · Public-health guidance
Summarizes nicotine delivery, dependence, developmental concerns, aerosol chemicals and other vaping risks. It provides guidance for youth and adults rather than findings from a single survey.
Who / what: General public, with a section on children and teens; no single surveyed population.
Health Effects of VapingCDC · 2025
Public-health summary of vaping risks, nicotine dependence, withdrawal and effects on developing systems involved in attention, learning, mood and impulse control. It draws on multiple sources and does not calculate a teenager's individual damage percentage.
Who / what: General guidance with a youth section; no single surveyed population.
New Biological Insights into Smoking CessationU.S. Surgeon General, Smoking Cessation report, chapter 3 · 2020
Reviews human and animal research on nicotine receptors, dopamine, dependence, withdrawal and learned cues. It explains general nicotine mechanisms rather than reporting one teenage vaping survey.
Who / what: Review of human and animal studies; no single sample.
Association Between E-Cigarettes, Cognition and Mood in AdolescentsPsychological Reports · 2024
Online survey of 432 Australian adolescents aged 11–18, including 88 who had used e-cigarettes. It measured self-reported mind-wandering, confidence about schoolwork and mood symptoms; the cross-sectional associations do not establish causation.
Who / what: 432 adolescents aged 11–18; 88 reported e-cigarette use.
I quit for meHealth Canada · 2026
Practical youth guide for quitting tobacco use or vaping, including cravings, triggers, planning and support. It is a self-help resource, not a survey or a guarantee of a particular recovery timeline.
Who / what: Written for young people who want to quit; no single surveyed population.
Searching for Signatures of Brain Maturity: What Are We Searching For?Neuron · 2016
Research perspective examining what brain maturity means and why different measures develop on different timelines. It is not a new survey and does not establish one birthday as a universal maturity cutoff.
Who / what: Research perspective; no newly surveyed population.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What You Need to KnowNational Institute of Mental Health · Public-health guidance
ADHD symptoms, individual differences, and established treatments (medication, psychotherapy, behavioural interventions); advises avoiding tobacco.
Who / what: Clinical education about children and adults with ADHD; no single surveyed population.
2025 National Youth Tobacco Survey resultsFDA · 2025 survey; results released 2026
Measures recent vaping frequency. Among current vapers, 27.5% reported daily use and 41.2% use on at least 20 days; these groups overlap.
Who / what: US middle and high school students; the displayed figures concern current vapers.
Use of vapes among young people in Great Britain, 2025ASH / YouGov · 2025
March–April survey with 2,746 respondents aged 11–17 in Great Britain. The current-vaper subgroup had 231 respondents; its weighted 47% figure measures strong, very strong or extremely strong urges, not a clinical diagnosis or brain injury.
Who / what: Ages 11–17 in England, Scotland and Wales; current-vaper subgroup n=231.
Alcohol and Drug Use among Students in Canada, 2023–24Health Canada, Canadian Student Alcohol and Drugs Survey · 2023–24 survey; published 2025
Survey of 51,844 students in grades 7–12 across nine provinces; Quebec did not participate. Grade 12 past-month non-cannabis vaping was 27%, giving an approximately 73% complement; the measure includes nicotine, non-nicotine and unknown-content vapes.
Who / what: Grades 7–12 in nine Canadian provinces; the displayed 27%/73% comparison concerns Grade 12.
Protecting Youth From the Harms of VapingCDC · 2024
Guidance on helping young people avoid or stop vaping, including nicotine dependence, withdrawal and developing-brain concerns. It is public-health advice, not a single survey or a dose-finding study establishing a safe teen exposure.
Who / what: Guidance for young people, caregivers and educators; no single surveyed population.
Vaping and quitting smokingHealth Canada · 2026
Discusses complete switching from cigarettes, reduced exposure and risks, and why youth and people who do not smoke should not vape.
Who / what: Guidance for adults who smoke; evidence synthesis, not a single survey.
Using e-cigarettes to stop smokingNHS · Public-health guidance
Explains quitting smoking, complete switching, relative harms and remaining uncertainty.
Who / what: Guidance for adults who smoke; not one surveyed population.
Advisory on E-cigarette Use Among YouthU.S. Surgeon General · 2018
Describes youth e-cigarette use as an epidemic and reviews concerns about nicotine exposure.
Who / what: Advisory drawing on national US youth tobacco surveys and health evidence.
Quitting smoking: Provincial and territorial servicesHealth Canada · Service information
Official directory of free, confidential provincial and territorial quit support; lists the toll-free quit-coach number 1-866-366-3667.
Who / what: Service information for people seeking quit support; not a research study.
Smokers’ HelplineCanadian Cancer Society · Service information
Free support for quitting smoking, vaping or both. The provider's service directory confirms iQuit to 123456 in Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 1-877-513-5333, and the requested weekday phone hours.
Who / what: Quit-support service information; not a research study.
Support to quit smokingGovernment of Ontario · Service information
Ontario guidance on quitting, including Health811 and Smokers’ Helpline support. It is service information, not a survey.
Who / what: Ontario residents seeking health advice and quit support.
QuashLung Health Foundation · Service information
App and program to help people quit smoking or vaping, developed with Health Canada funding. Health Canada's current youth guide links to Quash; this is a support resource, not a claim of guaranteed success.
Who / what: Young people seeking support to stop smoking or vaping.
Kids Help PhoneKids Help Phone · Service information
Youth support service in Canada. Its website confirms calling 1-800-668-6868 around the clock or texting CONNECT to 686868 for support.
Who / what: Young people in Canada; service information, not a research study.
Changes to the regulation of vapesTherapeutic Goods Administration, Australia · Regulatory guidance
Explains reforms implemented during 2024–25, including pharmacy access rules.
Who / what: Australian rules; not a research study or survey.
Vaping products regulationsHealth Canada · Regulatory guidance
Confirms a maximum nicotine concentration of 20 mg/mL for vaping products manufactured or imported for sale in Canada.
Who / what: Canadian regulations; not a research study or survey.
About the models: The brain map is schematic. The age slider contains no biological scoring. The learning network does not model a measured growth rate. Nicotine steps explain a mechanism, not dose-response or irreversible damage. The interactive lessons don't request or store any personal information. The contact form sends your message by email only; see Privacy. Source links require an internet connection.